Sage, White - Salvia apiana

Alternative names: Buffalo sage, grandfather sage, bee sage

Parts used: Leaves and stalks

Actions and qualities: It is cleansing, antibacterial, wound healing, and invigorating. It helps promote memory and focus, soothes stomach discomfort and sore throats, eases menstrual cramping, and is used as a sleep aid.

Specific uses: It is most commonly burned as in incense in the form of a ‘smudge stick.’ It is also used in culinary application and to flavor drinks. It can be made into a tea, oil, salve, bath tea or poultice as well.

Contraindications: There have been some recorded side effects, mostly from ingesting, such as nausea and dizziness. Topically, it has caused skin irritation for some. Pregnant and nursing mothers should consult a physician before use.

History and lore: The indigenous peoples living in what is now California used this herb for sacred cleansing smudge ceremonies. A study proved that it reduces bacteria levels from air as much as 94% for up to 24 hours.